The Solar System ( 태양계 )

I'm currently teaching books on the Solar System in my school and as a result I've learned the names of all the planets in Korean.  Not particularly useful knowledge, but considering my major it's probably not too surprising.  I figured I would share this knowledge with you and I thought it might be fun to learn the names of the planets in some of the different countries that I visit.

Let's start by defining the word "planet".  "Planet" is known as haengseong ( 행송 ) in Korean.  "Haeng" comes from a Chinese character that means walking and "seong" is the Sino-Korean word for star, so haengseong literally means "walking (or traveling) star".  As for the other elements of our Solar System (which by the way is known as tae-yang-ge), let's begin with the guy at the center of it all.

1. Sun : 태양 : Tae-yang

• Korean Meaning : The brightest
• English Meaning : No hidden meaning.  The word is thought to be about 3,000 years old.

2. Mercury : 수성 : Su-seong

• Korean Meaning : Star of Water
• English Meaning : Roman god of travel - Named after Mercury because the planet moves so quickly.
• Different meanings

3. Venus : 금성 : Geum-seong

• Korean Meaning : Star of Gold
• English Meaning : Roman goddess of love - Named after Venus because it was considered the brightest and most beautiful celestial object.
• Same meaning
  

4. Earth : 지구 : Ji-gu

• Korean Meaning : Ground Sphere
• English Meaning : On the ground - Originates from the Greek word "eraze" and is the only planet not named after a god (Uranus is named after a Greek god rather than a Roman god).  This is because Earth was not thought to be a planet when it was originally named.
• Same meaning
  

5. Moon : 달 : Dal

• Korean Meaning : The only natively named celestial object.  All others come from Chinese.
• English Meaning : Comes from a Germanic word (which is related to the word "month") and was originally thought to be a planet.
  

6. Mars : 화성 : Hwa-seong

• Korean Meaning : Star of Fire
• English Meaning : Roman god of war - Named after Mars because of its blood-like color.
• Same meaning
  

7. Jupiter : 목성 : Mok-seong

• Korean Meaning : Wood Star
• English Meaning : Roman king of the gods - Named after Jupiter because of its massive size.
• Different meanings
  

8. Saturn : 토성 : To-seong

• Korean Meaning : Earth Star
• English Meaning : Roman god of farming - This was the most distant planet visible during Roman times and therefore was named after Jupiter's father.
• Kind of the same meaning
  

9. Uranus : 천왕성 : Cheon-wang-seong

• Korean Meaning : King of Heaven Star
• English Meaning : Greek god of the sky - This planet was not discovered until 1781, which explains why the Romans did not have a name for it.  The planet was originally named after King George III, but Uranus was finally agreed upon in the 1850s because Uranus was the father of Kronos in Greek mythology (or Saturn in Roman mythology).
• Same meaning
  

10. Neptune : 해왕성 : Hae-wang-seong

• Korean Meaning : King of the Sea Star
• English Meaning : Roman god of the sea - Named after Neptune because of its blue color.
• Same meaning
  

11. Pluto : 명왕성 :Myeong-wang-seong

• Korean Meaning : King of Darkness Star
• English Meaning : Roman god of the underworld - The name was suggested by an 11-year old schoolgirl in England and was probably chosen due to Pluto's ability to disappear.
• Kind of the same meaning
  

12. Asteroid : 소행성 : So-haeng-seong
      Asteroid belt : 소행성대 : So-haeng-seong-dae

• Korean Meaning : Minor planet
• English Meaning : The word has Greek origins and means "star-like".  This of course is inaccurate and some astronomers have begun to call them minor planets or planetoids, which means "planet-like".
  

13. Comet : 혜성 : He-seong

• Korean Meaning : ?
• English Meaning : Comes from the Latin word "cometes", which means "long-haired".  The Latin word was derived from a Greek word that was originally used by Aristotle to describe "stars with hair".

Learn Korean: Basic Training

I've got to admit that I've lagged behind a little bit in learning Korean.  I've gotten completely caught up in traveling and reading that I kind of forgot that it's my responsibility to learn a little bit about the native language of this country.  I haven't gotten into anything like sentence structure, but I figured I would provide a list of basic words and phrases that may prove valuable if you ever venture over to Korea.  This is basically the stuff that I think would be useful on a day to day basis.

Note: If you can't see the Korean letters, click on the View tab at the top of your web browser.  Then click on Character Encoding, click on Customize Settings and enable Korean characters.

Alphabet
Let's start with the most basic part of learning Korean.  The alphabet.  The idea of learning an Asian alphabet systems seems like a daunting task, but in Korean it is actually quite easy.  I was able to memorize the letters before I came over and I've been able to sound out words since I've been here.  This can prove to be very useful when looking for places that are not listed in English.  It also provides some amusement when you come across Konglish, which are Korean words that are derived from English.  Some examples include 초콜릿, which sounds like cho-kol-lit or chocolate, and 텔레비전, which sounds like tel-le-bi-jeon or television.  The alphabet is made up of only 10 basic vowels and 14 basic consonants.  Doesn't seem too difficult, right?

The Korean writing system, which is currently called Hangul, was created in 1443 during the rule of King Sejong the Great.  Prior to the invention of Hangul, Koreans had used a system called Hanja, which was made up of Chinese symbols.  Hangul has been praised as one of the most logical languages in the world.

Korean Syllables
Letters from the alphabet are then combined to make syllables.  Each block of letters is one syllable.  For example, 산 is made up of three letters and is one syllable.  Each syllable must contain at least one consonant and one vowel.  There are five possible combinations of vowels and consonants in syllables.

1. The most basic is a syllable that only contains a vowel sound, such as the word "a" in English.  This would be written as 아 in Hangul.  A vowel can not be the first letter in a syllable, so the silent consonant ㅇ must be placed before the vowel.

2. The second possibility is a vowel sound followed by a consonant, such as 안 (an).  Again, ㅇ must be placed before the vowel.

3. There can be a consonant sound followed by a vowel sound.  An example would be 고 (go).  The silent consonant is not needed because there is already a consonant in front of the vowel.

4. A consonant followed by vowel, which is followed by a consonant.  Such is the case in 담 (dam). 

5. The last possibility is a consonant followed by a vowel followed by two consonants.  This is the most complicated because the sounds of some of the consonants seem to change and I'm not sure yet about the rules for this case.  An example is 홁.

Numbers
Koreans use two types of numbering systems: Native Korean numbers and Sino Korean numbers.  Native Korean numbers are used for counting and Sino Korean numbers are used for years, months, days, and money.  Since Koreans use Arabic numerals it isn't really essential to know the names of the numbers, but it can be helpful when ordering or paying.

Time and Dates

Useful Words and Phrases
This pretty much consists of stuff that have learned since I've been here or that I wish I had learned because it would have been very useful at one point or another.

That about sums up my crash course on Korean.  I just downloaded a beginner's book on Korean and I would really like to work my way through that.  My friends, coworkers, and students are all pretty eager to teach me Korean too, so I'm sure I will pick up plenty from them.  I will provide the disclaimer that I am learning this stuff as I post it, so I can't assure anyone that it is completely accurate.  Working my way through this stuff by typing it and romanizing it is probably helping me to learn Korean a lot more than it will help anyone reading this blog.